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Clinical decision-making style preferences of European psychiatrists: Results from the Ambassadors survey in 38 countries
- Martina Rojnic Kuzman, Mike Slade, Bernd Puschner, Elisabetta Scanferla, Zarko Bajic, Philippe Courtet, Jerzy Samochowiec, Celso Arango, Simavi Vahip, Maris Taube, Peter Falkai, Geert Dom, Lubomira Izakova, Bernardo Carpiniello, Marcella Bellani, Andrea Fiorillo, Oleg Skugarevsky, Alma Mihaljevic-Peles, Diogo Telles-Correia, Filipa Novais, Pavel Mohr, Johannes Wancata, Martin Hultén, Eka Chkonia, Judit Balazs, Julian Beezhold, Lars Lien, Goran Mihajlovic, Mirjana Delic, Gabriela Stoppe, Goran Racetovic, Dragan Babic, Ramune Mazaliauskiene, Doina Cozman, Simon Hjerrild, Jana Chihai, William Flannery, Tarja Melartin, Nataliya Maruta, Armen Soghoyan, Philip Gorwood
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue 1 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 October 2022, e75
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Background
While shared clinical decision-making (SDM) is the preferred approach to decision-making in mental health care, its implementation in everyday clinical practice is still insufficient. The European Psychiatric Association undertook a study aiming to gather data on the clinical decision-making style preferences of psychiatrists working in Europe.
MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey involving a sample of 751 psychiatrists and psychiatry specialist trainees from 38 European countries in 2021, using the Clinical Decision-Making Style – Staff questionnaire and a set of questions regarding clinicians’ expertise, training, and practice.
ResultsSDM was the preferred decision-making style across all European regions ([central and eastern Europe, CEE], northern and western Europe [NWE], and southern Europe [SE]), with an average of 73% of clinical decisions being rated as SDM. However, we found significant differences in non-SDM decision-making styles: participants working in NWE countries more often prefer shared and active decision-making styles rather than passive styles when compared to other European regions, especially to the CEE. Additionally, psychiatry specialist trainees (compared to psychiatrists), those working mainly with outpatients (compared to those working mainly with inpatients) and those working in community mental health services/public services (compared to mixed and private settings) have a significantly lower preference for passive decision-making style.
ConclusionsThe preferences for SDM styles among European psychiatrists are generally similar. However, the identified differences in the preferences for non-SDM styles across the regions call for more dialogue and educational efforts to harmonize practice across Europe.
Performance of a small array of Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes sited in Australia
- Simon Lee, Sabrina Einecke, Gavin Rowell, Csaba Balazs, Jose A. Bellido, Shi Dai, Dominik Elsässer, Miroslav Filipović, Violet M. Harvey, Padric McGee, Wolfgang Rhode, Steven Tingay, Martin White
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 39 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 September 2022, e041
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As TeV gamma-ray astronomy progresses into the era of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), there is a desire for the capacity to instantaneously follow up on transient phenomena and continuously monitor gamma-ray flux at energies above $10^{12}\,\mathrm{eV}$ . To this end, a worldwide network of Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) is required to provide triggers for CTA observations and complementary continuous monitoring. An IACT array sited in Australia would contribute significant coverage of the Southern Hemisphere sky. Here, we investigate the suitability of a small IACT array and how different design factors influence its performance. Monte Carlo simulations were produced based on the Small-Sized Telescope (SST) and Medium-Sized Telescope (MST) designs from CTA. Angular resolution improved with larger baseline distances up to 277 m between telescopes, and energy thresholds were lower at 1 000 m altitude than at 0 m. The ${\sim} 300\,\mathrm{GeV}$ energy threshold of MSTs proved more suitable for observing transients than the ${\sim}1.2\,\mathrm{TeV}$ threshold of SSTs. An array of four MSTs at 1 000 m was estimated to give a 5.7 $\sigma$ detection of an RS Ophiuchi-like nova eruption from a 4-h observation. We conclude that an array of four MST-class IACTs at an Australian site would ideally complement the capabilities of CTA.
Compulsory admissions of patients with mental disorders: State of the art on ethical and legislative aspects in 40 European countries
- D. Wasserman, G. Apter, C. Baeken, S. Bailey, J. Balazs, C. Bec, P. Bienkowski, J. Bobes, M. F. Bravo Ortiz, H. Brunn, Ö. Bôke, N. Camilleri, B. Carpiniello, J. Chihai, E. Chkonia, P. Courtet, D. Cozman, M. David, G. Dom, A. Esanu, P. Falkai, W. Flannery, K. Gasparyan, G. Gerlinger, P. Gorwood, O. Gudmundsson, C. Hanon, A. Heinz, M. J. Heitor Dos Santos, A. Hedlund, F. Ismayilov, N. Ismayilov, E. T. Isometsä, L. Izakova, A. Kleinberg, T. Kurimay, S. Klæbo Reitan, D. Lecic-Tosevski, A. Lehmets, N. Lindberg, K. A. Lundblad, G. Lynch, C. Maddock, U.F. Malt, L. Martin, I. Martynikhin, N. O. Maruta, F. Matthys, R. Mazaliauskiene, G. Mihajlovic, A. Mihaljevic Peles, V. Miklavic, P. Mohr, M. Munarriz Ferrandis, M. Musalek, N. Neznanov, G. Ostorharics-Horvath, I. Pajević, A. Popova, P. Pregelj, E. Prinsen, C. Rados, A. Roig, M. Rojnic Kuzman, J. Samochowiec, N. Sartorius, Y. Savenko, O. Skugarevsky, E. Slodecki, A. Soghoyan, D. S. Stone, R. Taylor-East, E. Terauds, C. Tsopelas, C. Tudose, S. Tyano, P. Vallon, R. J. Van der Gaag, P. Varandas, L. Vavrusova, P. Voloshyn, J. Wancata, J. Wise, Z. Zemishlany, F. Öncü, S. Vahip
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 63 / Issue 1 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 August 2020, e82
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Background.
Compulsory admission procedures of patients with mental disorders vary between countries in Europe. The Ethics Committee of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) launched a survey on involuntary admission procedures of patients with mental disorders in 40 countries to gather information from all National Psychiatric Associations that are members of the EPA to develop recommendations for improving involuntary admission processes and promote voluntary care.
Methods.The survey focused on legislation of involuntary admissions and key actors involved in the admission procedure as well as most common reasons for involuntary admissions.
Results.We analyzed the survey categorical data in themes, which highlight that both medical and legal actors are involved in involuntary admission procedures.
Conclusions.We conclude that legal reasons for compulsory admission should be reworded in order to remove stigmatization of the patient, that raising awareness about involuntary admission procedures and patient rights with both patients and family advocacy groups is paramount, that communication about procedures should be widely available in lay-language for the general population, and that training sessions and guidance should be available for legal and medical practitioners. Finally, people working in the field need to be constantly aware about the ethical challenges surrounding compulsory admissions.
Resolving conflicts in knowledge for ambient intelligence
- Martin Homola, Theodore Patkos, Giorgos Flouris, Ján Šefránek, Alexander Šimko, Jozef Frtús, Dimitra Zografistou, Martin Baláž
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- Journal:
- The Knowledge Engineering Review / Volume 30 / Issue 5 / November 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 October 2015, pp. 455-513
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Ambient intelligence (AmI) proposes pervasive information systems composed of autonomous agents embedded within the environment who, in orchestration, complement human activity in an intelligent manner. As such, it is an interesting and challenging application area for many computer science fields and approaches. A critical issue in such application scenarios is that the agents must be able to acquire, exchange, and evaluate knowledge about the environment, its users, and their activities. Knowledge populated between the agents in such systems may be contextually dependent, ambiguous, and incomplete. Conflicts may thus naturally arise, that need to be dealt with by the agents in an autonomous way. In this survey, we relate AmI to the area of knowledge representation and reasoning (KR), where conflict resolution has been studied for a long time. We take a look at a number of KR approaches that may be applied: context modelling, multi-context systems, belief revision, ontology evolution and debugging, argumentation, preferences, and paraconsistent reasoning. Our main goal is to describe the state of the art in these fields, and to draw attention of researchers to important theoretical issues and practical challenges that still need to be resolved, in order to reuse the results from KR in AmI systems or similar complex and demanding applications.
Contributors
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- By Dag Aarsland, Angelo Antonini, Liana G. Apostolova, Marek Balaz, Roger A. Barker, Oscar Bernal-Pacheco, Mona K. Beyer, Başar Bilgiç, Daniel J. Burdick, Jessica Calleo, K. Ray Chaudhuri, Jeffrey Cummings, Turi O. Dalaker, Christine Daniels, Kathy Dujardin, Sheila R. Eichenseer, Murat Emre, Hubert H. Fernandez, Adam Gerstenecker, Christopher G. Goetz, Haşmet A. Hanağası, Kristina Røkenes Karlsen, Jaime Kulisevsky, Albert F. G. Leentjens, James B. Leverenz, Irene Litvan, Elisabet Londos, Laura Marsh, Saül Martínez-Horta, Pablo Martinez-Martin, Benjamin T. Mast, Brit Mollenhauer, Pouya Movahed, Agneta Nordberg, Javier Pagonabarraga, Irena Rektorova, Per Svenningsson, Alexander I. Tröster, Carolina Villa-Bonomo, Jens Volkmann, Ryan R. Walsh, Daniel Weintraub, Caroline H. Williams-Gray, Henrik Zetterberg
- Edited by Dag Aarsland, Jeffrey Cummings, Daniel Weintraub, University of Pennsylvania, K. Ray Chaudhuri
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- Book:
- Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Changes in Parkinson's Disease and Related Movement Disorders
- Published online:
- 05 August 2013
- Print publication:
- 29 August 2013, pp vii-x
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Contributors
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- By Shamsuddin Akhtar, Greg Albert, Sidney Allison, Muhammad Anwar, Haruo Arita, Amanda Barker, Mary Hanna Bekhit, Jeanna Blitz, Tyson Bolinske, David Burbulys, Asokumar Buvanendran, Gregory Cain, Keith A. Candiotti, Daniel B. Carr, Derek Chalmers, John Charney, Rex Cheng, Roger Chou, Keun Sam Chung, Anna Clebone, Frederick Conlin, Susan Dabu-Bondoc, Tiffany Denepitiya-Balicki, Jeanette Derdemezi, Anahat Kaur Dhillon, Ho Dzung, Juan Jose Egas, Stephen M. Eskaros, Zhuang T. Fang, Claudia R. Fernandez Robles, Victor A. Filadora, Ellen Flanagan, Dan Froicu, Allison Gandey, Nehal Gatha, Boris Gelman, Christopher Gharibo, Muhammad K. Ghori, Brian Ginsberg, Michael E. Goldberg, Jeff Gudin, Thomas Halaszynski, Martin Hale, Dorothea Hall, Craig T. Hartrick, Justin Hata, Lars E. Helgeson, Joe C. Hong, Richard W. Hong, Balazs Horvath, Eric S. Hsu, Gabriel Jacobs, Jonathan S. Jahr, Rongjie Jaing, Inderjeet Singh Julka, Zeev N. Kain, Clinton Kakazu, Kianusch Kiai, Mary Keyes, Michael M. Kim, Peter G. Lacouture, Ryan Lanier, Vivian K. Lee, Mark J. Lema, Oscar A. de Leon-Casasola, Imanuel Lerman, Philip Levin, Steven Levin, JinLei Li, Eric C. Lin, Sharon Lin, David A. Lindley, Ana M. Lobo, Marisa Lomanto, Mirjana Lovrincevic, Brenda C. McClain, Tariq Malik, Jure Marijic, Joseph Marino, Laura Mechtler, Alan Miller, Carly Miller, Amit Mirchandani, Sukanya Mitra, Fleurise Montecillo, James M. Moore, Debra E. Morrison, Philip F. Morway, Carsten Nadjat-Haiem, Hamid Nourmand, Dana Oprea, Sunil J. Panchal, Edward J. Park, Kathleen Ji Park, Kellie Park, Parisa Partownavid, Akta Patel, Bijal Patel, Komal D. Patel, Neesa Patel, Swati Patel, Paul M. Peloso, Danielle Perret, Anthony DePlato, Marjorie Podraza Stiegler, Despina Psillides, Mamatha Punjala, Johan Raeder, Siamak Rahman, Aziz M. Razzuk, Maggy G. Riad, Kristin L. Richards, R. Todd Rinnier, Ian W. Rodger, Joseph Rosa, Abraham Rosenbaum, Alireza Sadoughi, Veena Salgar, Leslie Schechter, Michael Seneca, Yasser F. Shaheen, James H. Shull, Elizabeth Sinatra, Raymond S. Sinatra, Neil Singla, Neil Sinha, Denis V. Snegovskikh, Dmitri Souzdalnitski, Julie Sramcik, Zoreh Steffens, Alexander Timchenko, Vadim Tokhner, Marc C. Torjman, Co T. Truong, Nalini Vadivelu, Ashley Vaughn, Anjali Vira, Eugene R. Viscusi, Dajie Wang, Shu-ming Wang, J. Michael Watkins-Pitchford, Steven J. Weisman, Ira Whitten, Bryan S. Williams, Jeremy M. Wong, Thomas Wong, Christopher Wray, Yaw Wu, Anthony T. Yarussi, Laurie Yonemoto, Bita H. Zadeh, Jill Zafar, Martha Zegarra, Keren Ziv
- Edited by Raymond S. Sinatra, Jonathan S. Jahr, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, J. Michael Watkins-Pitchford
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- Book:
- The Essence of Analgesia and Analgesics
- Published online:
- 06 December 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 October 2010, pp xi-xviii
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